Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the competitiveness and growth of small and medium-sized sports businesses.Method: The research method was quantitative (descriptive-correlational) conducted in two phases of Delphi and survey. The statistical population consisted of faculty members of the faculties of physical education and management with specialization in sport entrepreneurship and business management. In the first step, the researcher identified and categorized by comparative study of conceptual model of exogenous factor relationships in the form of 9 main factors and 23 items; endogenous factors in the form of 8 main factors with 48 items and competitiveness index in 9 dimensions with 28 items in sport business level. Then a Delphi panel of 21 accredited sports business experts and ultimately 180 sports business owners responded to the tool.Results: The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that the effect of exogenous factors on competitiveness and growth of businesses had more effect on endogenous factors than on endogenous factors, respectively. Generally, customer satisfaction, productivity, future capabilities, financial indices, contract growth, employee satisfaction, community satisfaction explained significantly constructs of competitiveness.Conclusion: The conceptual model of competitiveness mutual relations creates a new approach in the analysis of competitive variables and enables managers to better understanding the relevance of competitiveness factors and indices to the development of an internal competitiveness measurement system for sports businesses to analyze performance and factors of their competitiveness.

Objective: Despite the importance of the issue of green marketing challenges in small and medium businesses, little research has been done to summarize and analyze the scattered content of this field. The purpose of this research is to analyze the challenges of green marketing in small and medium businesses.Method: The upcoming article with a qualitative approach and using the meta-combination method, the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso examines the issue of what challenges there are for the development of green marketing and what are the solutions to face it. Based on this, the articles published in reliable domestic and foreign scientific databases until 2023 were identified and searched, then they were classified and categorized based on the logic of open coding and coding based on sociological structures.Findings: The findings of this study led to the identification of 68 concepts, which were categorized into 12 categories. Finally, the results of the analysis were presented in the form of an analytical model.Conclusion: Green marketing challenges in small and medium-sized enterprises are affected by the nature of activity and activity environment at three levels: Enterprise level challenges (paradigm-informational-communication-standardization-innovation-marketing-functional) industry/market challenges (industry and market balance) And macro-environmental challenges (environmental-legal-consumers) can be divided, which play a role at a level of independent or intertwined effects. Based on the findings, the improvement of the green marketing situation in small and medium businesses depends on the cooperation and coordination of all three levels of the company, industry/market and macro environmental variables.

One of the main goals of using entrepreneurial coaching in small and medium-sized businesses is staff growth and development of the company. The purpose of this study was to identify the outcomes of applying entrepreneurial coaching in the growth and development of small and medium-sized pharmaceutical businesses. The study was a semi-structured interview with a qualitative approach and data collection tool. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 key coaching practitioners and coded by content analysis method. Findings indicate that the benefits of employing entrepreneurial coaching for small and medium-sized businesses include individual benefits such as self-awareness, knowledge and skills, ability, self-esteem, personal development and commitment and responsibility and organizational benefits such as creating new companies, improving and developing. Products and services are the successor to the formation of a climate of knowledge-sharing.

One of the most important financial decisions is the way of financing economic enterprises, which plays a significant role in the continuation and growth of their profitability. The ability of companies to obtain financial resources inside and outside the company in order to invest and implement development plans is one of the main factors in the growth of profitability of companies. Active commercial companies also need financial resources to develop the market, modernize technology, increase product quality, produce new products, and grow their profitability. Also, investors in economic projects will need capital and money to implement their plans. One of the most important financial decisions is the way of financing economic enterprises, which plays a significant role in the continuation and growth of their profitability. The ability of companies to obtain financial resources inside and outside the company in order to invest and implement development plans is considered one of the main factors in the growth of profitability of companies. Companies often when they need new financial resources, take advantage of the company's internal resources, including accumulated profits and reserves, or through receiving loans and credits from banks and financial and credit institutions or issuing shares and other types of debt securities. capital, they meet their needs. Therefore, this research deals with the design of the financing model for small and medium knowledge-based businesses and examines and discusses the theories of experts.

Background Today, the secret of the success of organizations, in addition to human capital, is entrepreneurship and ethical development. This has affected even small and medium-sized businesses. The main purpose of the research is to present and explain the pattern of entrepreneurship development in the small and medium businesses. Method This research is an exploratory research that is an applied descriptive survey. The statistical community includes all small and medium-sized business executives and experts and includes a group of experts and faculty members and strategic managers of small and medium enterprises with a total of 20 subjects in the qualitative sector. The research sample was selected in a small section of 250 managers and employees and in the qualitative section, 15 people were selected by judgment method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to cognize the data. Results The results showed that the relationship between dimensions of the ethical climate of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship ecosystem and innovation, economic, financial and incentive policies, structural and institutional factors, entrepreneurial strategies and the factors of the state and growth of industry with the development of ethical entrepreneurship are positive and significant at the significant level of 0. 05. Conclusion In small and medium-sized businesses, for the development of ethical entrepreneurship, there must be a coherent moral, economic, financial and incentive environment, and an entrepreneurial ecosystem in line with the ethical climate with entrepreneurial structures and entrepreneurial strategies.

Background: In the very complicated word in which the development of inventions and creation of new theories, technics and strategies in the field of science are happening very fast, the most important factor for maintenance of sciences and different theories is to follow the ethics and humanity principles.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethic perceptions of managers, their perceptions and knowledage about ethics principles and examination of relationship between some variables including age, managmenet class (tier), the number of staff, degree of education, experience, kind of industry and activity with ethics perceptions are the purposes of this research.Methods: The subjects are chosen by the method of "Cluster Sampling ". For coducting the research statistics, the 16th version of SPSS software, "ANOVA" statistical methode, "Kruskal- wallise Test"and "Discriptive statistics" were used.Conclusion: The resuls indicate that Just one of the research hypothesis is acceptable. There was just a correlation between managers` perceptions from prefessional ethic and age.The other hypothesis such as the correlation between the managers` perceptions from professional ethics and education degree, the number of staff, managers` experinces, managers class and kind of activity or business were not significant. Managers`lack of knowledage about profession and ethics principles was known to be the reason.

Sarasvathy has mentioned two logics for entrepreneurial thinking. Effectuation logic is often used in uncertainty and is the problem solving process in a condition in which future is practically unpredictable and decision makers, based on whatever means they possess, form or control the output. On the contrary, causation logic is often used for decision making in ordinary conditions in which there is either no or low uncertainty. The objective of this research is the recognition of the role of entrepreneurial thinking on growth strategies in small and medium-sized businesses. The paper applies a mixedexploratory research methodology and the sample under scrutiny is 67 smallbusiness strategists who have been selected based on targeted statistical sampling using snowball sampling according to their expertise. The data in quality section has been gathered using8 semi-structured interviews. In the quantity section, the data has been collected by the combination of the questionnaire resulted from the quality section and Chandler et al. questionnaire. The results generally indicate the existence of a meaningful correlation between entrepreneurial thinking and growth strategies. Regarding effectual and causal thinking, similar results were obtained. There is a meaningful relation between aspects of effectual thinking-except for affordable loss-and growth strategies as well. Nevertheless, the correlation coefficient of the aspects of flexibility and experience is lower than other meaningful aspects of effectual thinking.

This qualitative study was carried out with aim to design the model of sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this study consisted of the experts and key informants in Kermanshah province of which 20 persons were selected using the purposive sampling method and snowball technique. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data collection process was continued until reaching theoretical saturation or usefulness threshold of available information. The software of MAXQDA 11 was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the main dimensions of the sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses were economic sustainability (including financial performance, self-reliance and financial independence, customer and market performance, and innovation and business development), social sustainability (including social communications and interactions, social responsibility and mutual social trust) and environmental sustainability (including sustainable and healthy production, conservation and optimal utilization of environmental resources and waste management). Additionally, the results of the study indicated that the main factors affecting the sustainability of agricultural small and mediumsized businesses in Kermanshah province were intra-organizational factors (including family and personal factors of the manager, marketing factors, economic-financial factors, production factors and product characteristics, factors related to business characteristics and communication and information factors) and extra-organizational factors (including political-legal, infrastructural-supportive and factors related to extension interventions).

Considering the importance of the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the national economy, the present research aimed to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of small and medium-sized businesses' growth in Iran. This study is a quantitative descriptive-explanatory survey research. The research population included the managing directors of small and medium-sized enterprises listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2021, 90 of whom were selected as the sample applying a purposeful sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and were analyzed using LISREL software version 8.5 and the structural equation technique. The variables of investment decisions rate (with a mean of 4.52±1.54) and impact of outsourcing on costs reduction (with a mean of 4.87±1.22) as well as auxiliary variables (market opportunities and properties (with a mean of 4.34±1.20), proper market share (with a mean of 4.45±1.03), appropriate advertising (with mean of 4.23±1.08) and the effect of using financial and budgeting systems (with a mean of 4.45±0.78), level of enterprise liquidity support (with a mean of 4.72±0.98), level of enterprise financial affordance (with a mean of 4.32±1.20), level of financing for the new technologies usage (with a mean of 4.55±0.87) and proper profit margin (with a mean of 4.76±0.76) are effective in dynamic modeling of the sustainability of small and medium-sized businesses in Iran. Regarding the impact of the variables of outsourcing, opportunities, market share and properties, appropriate advertising, liquidity and financial resources, new technologies usage, and use of appropriate profit margin are required for dynamic modeling of the sustainability of small and medium-sized businesses in Iran. The managers are suggested to adopt appropriate solutions to improve the current condition with a systemic view.